Week 12 Assignment

Plagiarism Assignment:

Passage 1.

I would give this an 'F' grade, this is because the passage correctly shows that they were taking from another work, however, they distort the author's message. This student only takes the quotes that speak favorably about Jefferson while the author clearly means to show the paradoxical nature of Thomas Jefferson's life. This means that to take the positive aspects without the other side of the coin is changing the author's message.

Passage 2.

This one was difficult, after deliberation I would give this a grade of 'G'. I would possibly give this an 'H', but I fail to see how the sources relate in an exceptionally meaningful way. The student makes the comparison of Jefferson and Washington both having an ideal of freedom, but wouldn't free slaves, however this touches on the argument, it does not fully realize it.

Passage 3.

I give this passage a 'D', this is because although there is a works cited, you cannot easily tell where the student's voice comes in vs. when he's using the author's work. The entire passage is a long amalgamate of the students ideas and the authors.

Passage 4.

I give this passage a grade of 'A' this is because there is no citation, or mention of an author's ideas in the work despite copying their work verbatim. Furthermore, the student seems to try and weave the author's work into their own to make it look as if they had that idea.

Passage 5.

This passage gets an 'H', this is because the student clearly separates the author's work from their own, mentioning the author whenever they refer back to their work. The work is cited both in-text, and in the works cited portion. Furthermore, the student adds to the author's argument and applies it in a contemporary context.

Self-Plagiarism Paragraph.

The impressions I had of this issue is one of high contention in the scientific community, a blurry issue with serious ramifications that may impact a career due to not being a fully incorporated idea. I haven't heard anything about self-plagiarism in college, however the most self-plagiarism I have done personally is to essentially save a template for lab reports, so I can rewrite over the template I have already created. I do not believe this necessarily constitutes self-plagiarism as I have never really copied entire portions, more like my lab reports come out looking more uniform. I think this is a very controversial issue due to the belief of intellectual property belonging to those who created it. Just as if I created a tool and made several of the same copy of something with different parts, many would believe that self-plagiarism is nothing more than reusing their own intellectual property. This can create issues when methods are copied from a previous paper, but results changed. Overall, I do not have a huge problem with self-plagiarism, but I can understand how it could be possible to create issues in the scholarly world.

Week 11 Assignment

Part 1: Article Evaluation

Citation:

Rudolph, R. (1980). Family Structure and Proto-industrialization in Russa. The Journal of Economic History, 40(1), 111-118. Retrieved from http://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:2135/stable/2120431

This article is focused on comparing whether or not Russia went through proto-industrialization as Europe did. It goes on to talk about classes, and how the Russian social system compares to the European social system(s). It also goes into the social effects of industrialization/proto-industrialization.

Currency: It was written in 1980, this means that it's not necessarily too old, but it's not super current either. For history, I don't think the currency is as important.

Relevance: It covers the social aspect of industrialization, so the relevance to my research question is spot on.

Credentials: The paper says that the author is an associate professor at the University of Minnesota, so I would assume his credentials are good.

Viewpoint: This is a history paper, and as such is relatively unbiased with more of an analysis viewpoint. The argument is that proto-industrialization took place in Russia despite different factors than in Europe. I would agree with the conclusion even though there were several things that went differently in Europe as compared to Russia.

Accuracy: From what I can tell this article is truthful about facts. I would also argue as a professor is writing about it they are most likely stating facts to the best of their knowledge, and aren't writing this to misinform.

Purpose: This article is for people interested in the history of industrialization, and proto-industrialization in Russia as compared to Europe. It does answer a specific question which is if proto-industrialization occurred in Russia.

Part 2: Ebook Evaluation

Citation:

Lindemann, A. S. (2012). A history of modern europe : from 1815 to the present. Retrieved from https://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:3447

This book talks about the history of Europe, by starting with general things about Europe, and leading into other major events. This includes topics like industrialization, politics, and ideological change. This is written for an audience interested in history, or a scholarly audience.

Age: This book was published in 2012, so it is quite recent, with even more up-to-date information.

Sources: This book cites no sources of which I can find, meaning I cannot tell if they are accurate or where they come from.

Author: The author is Albert Lindemann. He is a professor and historian at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Publisher: The publisher is John Wiley and Sons Incorporated. They are known to specialize in academic publishing, hinting that this book is academic in nature.

Relevance: This book is relevant because of the overall point of view it gives of the history of Europe. Industrialization is a big part of it, meaning that chapters focusing around that time would be especially important to me.

Part 3: Website Evaluation

Citation:

Miltimore, J. (2018, August 29). The Growth of the World's Middle Class May be the Greatest Story of Our Age. Retrieved from https://fee.org/articles/the-growth-of-the-world-s-middle-class-may-be-the-greatest-story-of-our-age/

This article's main theme is that of the growing middle class as a global perspective. It goes in-depth into America's middle-class while talking about the decrease of poverty. The audience is a casual reader interested in economics.

Domain: The domain is .org, this means that the article is most likely accurate without bias, with research having been done on the topic.

Currency: The article was published this year in August, which is extremely recent so the currency is almost perfect.

Relevance: The relevance of this article comes in the discussion of middle class. Despite having little to do with industrialization, it is mentioned, and the reasons for expansion of the middle class is mentioned.

Authority: The website is run by a group of people who are involved in academics/economics. There is an about page for staff and trustees.

Accuracy: I think this site is truthful about facts, links are either to outside articles or studies. Following the links, I don't believe any of the data has been taken out of context.

Purpose: This site's stated mission statement is it was created to educate a new generation about economics, and leadership. The audience, presumably would be young people/early academics interested in economics, or world economics.

Week 10 Assignment

Research Journal Section:

1. I used "Middle class expansion due to industrialization in Europe", as well as "Economic middle class in Europe and industrialization"

2. The main limiter I used was to limit the article date from 1950-2018, with 'sort by relevance' left on.

3. I got a huge amount of results, covering a wide variety of topics. There were tons of results that I never got searching the library databases, such as welfare states in Europe, inequality, and politics associated with industrialization.

4. I feel like the search process itself was easier, however the fact that it was incredibly easy to search, and make a search as if you were using google makes it harder to find exactly what you're looking for without getting a huge amount of results.

5. I might use this to make a few broad searches on a topic I don't fully understand, but otherwise I don't know if I would want to use it over other database search engines.

Week 9 Assignment

Part 1.


1. Allardt, E. 1993. “Having, Loving, Being: An Alternative to the Swedish Model of Welfare Research.” In Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen, eds., The Quality of Life, 88-94. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

This is a book chapter. To find it I would use Search it using the title "Having, Loving, Being: An Alternative to the Swedish Model of Welfare Research". WSUV does have access to a copy, so I will be able to request it through Holland and Terrel libraries.

2. Beck, Ulrich. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Sage, London.

This is a full book. To find it I would use Search it using the title "Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity". WSUV does have access to a copy, so I will be able to request it through Holland and Terrel libraries, or Tri-cities library.

3. Dake, Karl. 1991. “Orienting Dispositions in the Perception of Risk: An Analysis of Contemporary World Views and Cultural Biases.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 22 (1): 60-81.

This is a journal article. To find it I would use Search it to see if WSUV has a subscription using the title "Orienting Dispositions in the Perception of Risk: An Analysis of Contemporary World Views and Cultural Biases". To get this journal I would have to request an online version through Holland and Terrel libraries.

4. Fischhoff, B. 1990. “Psychology and Public Policy: Tool or Toolmaker?” American Psychologist 45: 647-653.

This is a journal article. To find it I would use Search it to see if WSUV has access to it using the title "Psychology and Public Policy: Tool or Toolmaker?". To view this article, I would be able to find the fulltext available through ProQuest.

Part 2.

Alter, George. 1992. Theories of fertility decline: A nonspecialist’s guide to the current debate, in J. R. Gillis, L. A. Tilly and D. Levine (eds), The European Experience of Declining Fertility, 1850–1970. The Quiet Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, pp. 13–27.

This is a book chapter. Searching through WSUV has led me to find an E-book with ISBN, however there is no full text available, nor is there a link to request it. Searching with the ISBN, I found it on WorldCat and was able to find an area to request it through inter library loan.

Anderson, Michael. 1998. Highly restricted fertility: Very small families in the British fertility decline, Population Studies 52(2): 177–199. doi: 10.1080/0032472031000150366

This is an online journal article. To find it I used the doi to search through Search it, there are several full-text options available, meaning WSUV has a subscription.

Part 3.

Overall, figuring out what a citation is isn't too difficult if you just know where to look. Being able to recognize title IN book was really helpful to understand that the source came from a book, or chapter. Searching using the ISBN, or doi was also rather fun because even if the title was wrong or missing using the ISBN to find it is really helpful. I also learned that you can search for articles using the doi in WSUV's search it engine. Overall, requesting any of these articles/books is relatively straight forward, the only hiccup I have is not knowing quite how to request through inter-library loan.

Week 8 Assignment

Article 1: Socio-economic status and fertility decline: Insights from historical transitions in Europe and North America.

a.  Historical Abstracts - History
b. Dribe, M., Breschi, M., Gagnon, A., Gauvreau, D., Hanson, H. A., Maloney, T. N., … Vézina, H. (2017). Socio-economic status and fertility decline: Insights from historical transitions in Europe and North America. Population Studies, 71(1), 3–21. https://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:4120/10.1080/00324728.2016.1253857
c. This will be helpful for giving an overview of both socio-economic status and industrialization in Europe. Although industrialization may not be a major focus in this article, the general background information is extremely useful.

Article 2: SOCIAL EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT-CONSEQUENCES OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF ENTERPRISE

a. Sociological Abstracts  - Sociology
b. de, M. F. (1960). SOCIAL EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT-CONSEQUENCES OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF ENTERPRISE. Sociologia, 22(3), 231-240. Retrieved from https://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:3080/docview/60595352?accountid=14902
c. This article is helpful in analysis of economics and the way industrialization affected demographics. This is an exremely useful article because what I need directly relates the industrialization, economics, and social effects.

Article 3: Environment, Urbanization, and Public Health: The Bubonic Plague Epidemic of 1912 in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

a. America: History and Life - History
b. Zulawski, A. (2018). Environment, Urbanization, and Public Health: The Bubonic Plague Epidemic of 1912 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Latin American Research Review, 53(3), 500–516. https://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:4120/10.25222/larr.424
c. This article will be useful as it talks about the industrialization in Europe. It contrasts this with the Bubonic Plague outbreak in Puerto Rico, and lack of infrastructure due to rapid urbanization.

Reflection:

Overall, after getting the hang of it, searching in subject-specific databases wasn't too hard. The hardest part about it was getting a subject-specific database that fit what I was looking for through the WSUV library website. After going through and finding a few databases that worked, searching for articles was rather easy. The different perspectives on each was interesting, especially getting different results even though I didn't really change my search each time. This could be helpful in the future if a multidisciplinary database doesn't work, looking through a variety of subject-specific databases could be just what is needed to get a different perspective on the issue.

Week 6 Assignment

Part one:

Since the 18th century, how and why has industrialization in Europe and the USA changed the demographic and social system in terms of individual's wealth?

Part two:

a. The main concepts here are 1. Industrialization and 2. Change in individual income/wealth

b. Indust* AND (Wealth OR Income OR Money)

I would have like to also include something like 'AND (Demographics OR "Social Structure")' here, but I worry that this would have narrowed the search too far to find enough reasonable articles.

c. For the search I had to tweak it a bit until I got some results that were what I was mostly looking for. What I finally used was: industrialization in the united states AND (Wealth OR Income OR Money)

d. The two database limiters I used were both to limit the sources to scholarly articles, as well as limiting the publication date of the articles from 1998 to 2018 to get more relevant and recent articles.

Part three:

The main things I learned in doing this was that searching in databases is a little more difficult than simply to generate a search statement. After developing a research question and then a search statement I thought that it would be a cinch to search the database, but it didn't turn out that way. After completing the search I got a lot of unnecessary articles, as well as articles that weren't even related to what I wanted. For example - economics of cigarettes. After my first search didn't work very well, added the 'AND (Demographics OR "Social Structure")' and this didn't help at all. I was still getting quite poor results. After going back to the main page and typing industrialization in, industrialization in the united states popped up in the search terms and I used that along with my second part of the search statement. This worked much better than before, and despite still having some irrelevant articles I was able to get quite a few good ones pertaining to my subject. Using the database limiters were also extremely useful to result in high-quality and recently published articles. Overall, I would say that rather than spending a lot of time developing a research statement, testing it by searching in the database and iterating upon it after a few searches would be the best way to do it. I would also say that one search statement may not fit everything you need for your research question. For example the search that I finally ended up using focused on industrialization in the USA, while I still had to worry about Europe.

Week 5 Assignment

It may be important to note that as of last week I have shifted from automobiles effect on society and pollution to industrialization in early Europe's effect on modern society.

Part 1:

Search term: Industrialization
Subject term(s): INDUSTRIALIZATION, INDUSTRIALIZATION & the environment, INDUSTRIALIZATION -- History, INDUSTRIALIZATION -- Social aspects, INDUSTRIALIZATION case studies.

These are all the subject terms that pertain to my interests.

Search term: Demographics
Subject term(s): DEMOGRAPHY, DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEYS, DEMOGRAPHIC databases, DEMOGRAPHIC research

Part Two:

I found this lesson helpful due to not knowing how to use either parentheses, or truncation in my search terms within databases. Previously I would type in a near-English search, but using Boolean operator and subject terms will be helpful in the future to narrow results to exactly what I want. I have no questions about Boolean search terms, I would like to know how to narrow results even more, as I usually get articles and books that do not pertain to my subject. Not having used truncation, parentheses, and largely not using Boolean operators in the past however, I may find exactly what I need to do now that I know about these techniques.

Week Four Assignment

Week Four Assignment

Part 1

1.      I used Gale Virtual Reference Library, and the eBook Automobile Emisions.

2.      Transport emissions accounted for 23% of world energy greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, automobiles accounted for 44.5% of that number. 64% of transport emissions come from the world’s 30 wealthiest states.

3.      Some subtopics include different types of fuel, as well as the usage of fuel by countries besides America.

4.      Some research questions include what types of fuel release the most emissions. Which countries contribute the most to pollution, and in what ways.

5.      Automobile Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Automobile Emissions, Pollution, Fuel Emissions

6.      This eBook uses far fewer sources than the Wikipedia article last week. It has specific statistics to back its claims up and is largely objective. It’s degree of detail is large, and it does not necessarily focus on the history and development of its subject, but rather the significance today. It makes a point to touch on related issues, not focusing entirely on automobile pollution. They did not focus on the same topic, but the eBook was focused more on presenting recent information, rather than giving background knowledge of the subject.

Part 2.

1.      Air pollution, the automobile, and public health

2.      Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust gas – Toxicology – United States

Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust gas – Physiological effect – United States

Automobiles – Motors – Exhaust gas – Environmental aspects – United States

Air – Pollution – United States

3.      This book talks about the health effects of automobile emissions in general. Talking about different types of specific pollution, and what specific types of negative health effects it causes.

4.      To get this book, I would request the item from the Owen Science and Engineering Library after signing in with my WSU ID. I would then set the pickup location to the WSUV library location.

Part 3.

1.      Automobile emissions: an overview.

2.      Automobiles -- Motors -- Exhaust gas -- Environmental aspects

Automobiles -- Motors -- Combustion -- Environmental aspects

Automobiles -- United States -- Pollution control devices

3.      There is very little information in the details section of this eBook, but by looking at the source, it seems to be an informational paper about car emissions, as well as the types, and types of combustion that cause them. Furthermore, this doesn’t appear to be an eBook, even though it was listed as such.

Part 4.

Overall, this process was useful in learning how to use different sources for research and how to access a print book if needed. The overall process was somewhat confusing as its very easy to get either a lot of unneeded results or worrying when you narrow your search to the point of not finding anything on the topic. In the future, I might look into going to the library for further help in locating sources for a subject, as they will have more knowledge and guide me in the right direction for further research.

Week Three Assignment

Part 1.

11.  My research topic is the invention, and development of automobiles in society.

22. 

A. I used Carrot2

B. I learned that electric, and steam automobiles were popular contenders initially, but fell out of favor after the ford assembly line mass-produced gasoline cars.

C. Some subtopics I read about include the Henry Ford assembly line, pollution, non-gasoline powered cars, and the impact that cars have had in society – notably the main spread transportation advantage.

D. What are car’s effects on the atmosphere, and ecology? How have automobiles increased the efficiency of human life? What are the viability of non-gasoline engines?

E. Henry Ford Model T, Automobile, Vehicles, Cars for personal use, Transportation, Cars effect on the environment, car pollution

Part 2.

11.  https://www.dft.gov.uk/vca/fcb/cars-and-air-pollution.asp

22.  The websites domain includes gov.uk, this indicates that it is almost definitely a government website located in the United Kingdom.

33. Clicking on the about us link shows that they are an executive agency located in the UK. They do not appear to have information about their authors. They do not directly state their credentials and looking for credentials elsewhere does not seem to get any results. However, they state that their approval certificates are recognized throughout the European community, and ECE.

44.  On the bottom of the page it states that the page was “last updated September 6^th 2018”, but I do not know whether this is for the page I was looking at or the site as a whole. I would consider this recent enough to use as a source, as they state on the page that since September 2015 is the latest update to European car pollution standards.

55.  I do not know if the page contains accurate information, I would assume so, but because they do not use citations or footnotes I cannot say that the page is necessarily accurate without doing outside research.

66.  I cannot identify any biases, or that they are trying to sell anything on this particular page, however the site itself is most likely trying to persuade you to use their services.

Part 3-1.

11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T

22.  The article appears to be well-structured, and not missing anything important. They could have included more details, such as the absence of seatbelts, but for the most part all the important details of the model are there.

33.  I do not see any warning messages at the top of the article.

44.  Facts are generally cited throughout the article, there are a few exceptions however. Notably, the suspension and wheels section does not cite any sources.

55.  The article is written well, and readable.

66.  I think the amount of sources match to the information presented in the article. The types of sources are mostly historical, with exceptions of sources being forums, or online articles. There are external links/further reading sources.

Part 3-2.

11.  This article belongs to WikiProjects: Engineering, Technology, Automobile, Industrial Design, Brands, Michigan/Detroit.

22.  It has been given B-class ratings across the board.

33.  I would agree with the B-class rating given the general use of citations, but with exceptions, and use of not necessarily reliable sources.

44.  Nothing causes concern on the talk page, but the black color post is interesting, talking about the myths of why the Ford Model T was painted black etc.

Part 3-3.

15. There are two somewhat recent history edits talking about vandalism to the page, however they have been blocked so I am not too concerned about if the page is inaccurate due to vandalism.

Part 4.

This week I learned how to use other search engines, for example Carrot2. Carrot2 is actually a very useful search engine that compartmentalizes results based on types. I also learned how to more efficiently and accurately browse Wikipedia articles for accuracy, and background info on subjects.

Assignment 1 - Information Search Process Review

                My experience of seeking information mostly comes from Biology and English classes. The most recent time I have done research was for a Biology paper in which the subject was assigned. I would argue that this means that the initiation stage was mostly cut off, but I would agree that early in my lack of understanding there was uncertainty as the author points out in "Information Search Process". Early in selection my thoughts were mostly uncertain as well due to not fully understanding what keywords or search terms to use. After I figured out what keywords to use selection was focused on trying to find general articles to skim through and add to a list for myself to look through again later. Exploration, as well as formulation, and collection were very closely blended together. Although a case could be made that the initial skimming over articles is included in exploration, I think that that more accurately describes the beginning of my detailed search through the sources I found. Initially in exploration, I felt calm as I looked through the data and chose references from the examples that most closely matched the subject that I was assigned in the initiation stage. As I moved through exploration and began to find conflicting examples, or articles which were very different from what I thought they were at first my confusion and stress grew greatly. After comparing many articles, I was able to move onto formulation, where I could understand in greater detail which sources pertained to my subject more accurately. After creating a ‘guiding idea’ which in my example was relating the overall nutrition of bean plants to microbes in the soil, I was able to move onto the stage of collection rather quickly. At this point I had enough of an idea of what my main focus would be, and research moved smoothly from this point with an occasional hiccup. As I moved onto the sixth stage ‘presentation’ I was able to quickly, and accurately select quotes and examples from the sources I picked out in the selection stage. This information would then go on to be used in the main paper that I had worked on.